Periodic Table, Definition, Groups, And Families Of Elements
Everything You Need To Know About The Periodic Table
Table Of Contents
Periodic Table History - Everything You Need To Know About Elements
The periodic table of elements, and the periodic table first 20 elements in chemistry. Read the periodic law, types, periods, and groups.
The most important classification in chemistry is the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table. In 1869, Mendeléev, which is a Russian scientist, was the first to construct a periodic table. He arranged the elements in order of increasing relative atomic mass.
Moreover, he pointed out that elements with similar properties kept recurring at regular intervals or periods.
Mendeléev’s periodic table had many gaps. And also, he predicted that they were undiscovered elements that could feel these gaps.
Moreover, he even predicted the possible properties of the elements. Later, elements such as scandium, gallium, Germanium, and others were discovered.
Furthermore, with the discovery of the electronic structure of the atoms, it became clear that elements do vary regularly, not with their relative atomic mass but with the atomic number. The basic assumption behind the modern periodic table which is known as the periodic law.
The modern periodic law states that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
Periodic Table First 20 Elements - Chemistry
These are the periodic table’s first 20 elements in chemistry, they are arranged serially according to the table.
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Lithium
- Beryllium
- Boron
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Fluorine
- Neon
- Sodium
- Magnesium
- Aluminum
- Silicon
- Phosphorus
- Sulphur
- Chlorine
- Argon
- Potassium
- Calsium
Electronic Configuration Of Atoms As The Basis Of The Periodic Table
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. As an atom is natural, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. And also, the electrons and their arrangement in the atom of an element are responsible for many of the properties of the element. The key to the periodicity of elements lies in the electronic configurations of their atoms.
Moreover, we know that an atom consists of a central positively charged nucleus with electrons revolving around it at great speed. And also, the electrons are negatively charged and revolved around a nucleus in spherical regions called shells or energy levels cited situated at various distances from the nucleus.
Starting from the shell nearest the nucleus, the shells are named as K, L, M, N, and O, …. these correspond to the energy levels numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
An atom may have several electron shells but all the electrons in a given shell poses approximately equal energy.
The maximum possible number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n² where n is the energy level number of the shell.
Maximum Number Of Electrons For The K, L, M, and N Shells.
| Shell | Energy Level (n) | Maximum Number Of Electrons (2n2) |
| K | 1 | 2(1)2 = 2 |
| L | 2 | 2(2)2 = 8 |
| M | 3 | 2(3)2 = 18 |
| N | 4 | 2(4)2 = 32 |
Groups And Periods
The modern form of the periodic table is divided into eight vertical columns known as groups and even horizontal rose known as periods.
Groups
Groups are the vertical columns of elements of groups are numbered from 0 to 7. Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atoms. That means they have the same number of valence electrons.
Additionally, Hydrogen does not fit into any group. But, for convenience, it is placed in group 1 because of the single electron. Additionally, in Group 0, Helium has two electrons, while the order elements have at valence electrons.
Besides the eight main groups, there are also the transition groups of elements. These lie between group 2 and group 3 in the periodic table.
Periods
The horizontal rows of elements are also called periods. They are numbered from 1 to 7. Moreover, elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. That means, the elements of period 2 have two electron shells (K, L), Those of period three have three (K, L, M), and so on.
And the number of valence electrons and of the elements In the same period increases progressively by one across the period from left to right.
I’m on the element in period 6 and 7 elements of the lanthanide and actinide series respectively. They are also known as the inner transition elements.
Hausa Cinema Related Articles
Water In Chemistry – Everything You Need To Know About Water
Definition Of Matter And Properties Of Matter In Chemistry
Hydrocarbons, Petroleum, And Crude Oil Definition In Chemistry
Energy: Everything You Need To Know About Energy
Enzymes: Definition, Characteristics, Types, And Importance Of Enzymes
One Comment